Wine bottle color is based on Marketing, Tradition and Wine Quality.
Today, bottle color is often mostly in that order.
That is, today most bottle color is probably marketing based. People who will buy the wine "expect" XYZ wine to be a dark green bottle, so that is what is used.
Then there is tradition, especially in Europe, which acutally does drive marketing above. So in that "tradition" some wine making regions used a specific color and even shape of bottle. And wherever that wine was grown outside Europe they used the same bottle color. Why? Because they "just" did it to not rock the boat and make their wines as if they were European wines I guess.....
And then wine quality. It is assumed that darker glass prevent UV light issues with the wine, and so many long storage wines, in theory, should be put into dark bottles, while short duration wines can be put into light green or clear bottles. But that is only really true if the bottles are exposed to UV light. There are some long term wines stored in dark cellars in clear bottles and are just fine. In my cellar, it is pretty dark. No UV light. So the bottle color really should not matter. So the wine storage location, and how long you expect to store the wine, can also dictate the bottle color.
Weirdly, Amber colored bottles provide the best UV protection, but they are rarely seen outside of Germany. So, there again "tradition" and "marketing" is probably more the issue, rather than really trying to maximize UV protection.
The vast array of my bottle colors, clear, amber (brown ones), and various green shades:
Hope this helps.