KEY . . . Does it look clean?
I just realized from online that One-Step requires a 2 minute contact time. I never knew and kinda just washed my stuff with a clean rag and soaked my equipment for maybe 30 seconds.
* it would be interesting to see the studies behind 2 minutes, a few decades ago micro class taught that washing with cold water would remove three log cycles of micro population (1000/1), hot water another log and soap water another log beyond that (100,000/1)
* a lot of stainless steel is cleaned to produce visually clean
* a lot of stainless steel is cleaned with clean in place sprays, we know that cleaners that oxidize are good at removing color and don’t necessarily get all the “dirt/foreign material”
* yes, industry does worry about scratches, cracks in gaskets, dead ends where dirt can build up.
* Pasteur did his discoveries in the mid 1800s, we first started to learn about yeast, acetobacter etc, etc 150 years ago. I will guess a lot of sanitation training started 100 years ago, , , have to wonder how we managed before one step with 2 minutes contact time,
we now know there are several preservatives synergistically working that combine to make wine safe (alcohol, pH, SO
2, low nutrient content, anaerobic environment, CO
2, etc). The biggest factor still is, does it look clean?