However, current projections show the population of China dropping over the rest of this century by more than the current population of the USA.
Correct. One of the more worrisome aspects of China is that the population is rapidly aging. In 2018, heard Gen. Michael Hayden, former director fo the CIA, give a speech on this very topic and its national security implications for the USA. Gen. Hayden has since suffered a debilitating stroke, and I wish him all the best in his lengthy recovery process.
What I wrote about that speech then:
The brewing situation in China is that its population is aging while at the same time, its economic boom is flattening, Hayden said. Moving 400 million Chinese into the middle class is commendable, he said, but China’s population will be older than the U.S. in a few years as a result of the one-child policy. “A Chinese demographer said China will be the first nation to get old before it gets rich,” he said.
Chinese President Xi Jinping will then be left with the Putin promise and the Russian solution, Hayden said. “If he can’t make you rich, he can make you proud.” Once a strategic, nuanced, patient country in its thought and approach to world affairs, China has “not been acting that way recently,” Hayden said, and apparently expansionist moves may have major effects. “The Sino-American relationship is the critical issue of the 21st century.”